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thumb Friedrich Spanheim the Younger (1 May 1632 – 18 May 1701) was a German Calvinist theologian of conservative views, son of Friedrich Spanheim.〔(''Schaff-Herzog'' article )〕 ==Life== He was born in Geneva, and studied at the University of Leiden, graduating M.A. in 1648. He joined the faculty of the University of Heidelberg in 1655.〔 In 1670 he moved to Leiden, replacing the late Johannes Cocceius as Professor of theology. Spanheim emphasised the study of church history. His theological position was expressed in dogmatic and polemical terms, as he took on Arminians, Cartesians, the followers of Cocceius and Jesuits.〔Douglas H. Shantz, ''Between Sardis and Philadelphia: the life and world of Pietist court preacher Conrad Bröske'' (2008), p. 39; (Google Books ).〕 Spanheim encouraged the Voetians to stamp their orthodoxy on the Leiden theological faculty, and in 1676 pushed for the publication of 20 deprecated positions, marking out the Cocceian/Cartesian views. In the university Abraham Heidanus, Wittichius and Burchardus de Volder resisted strongly, and Heidanus lost his position. In the longer term, however, the Voetian victory was pyrrhic, in that Cartesianism quite soon prevailed.〔Jonathan I. Israel, ''Radical Enlightenment: Philosophy and the Making of Modernity, 1650-1750'' (2001), pp. 28–9.〕 Spanheim died in 1701 in Leiden. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Friedrich Spanheim the Younger」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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